undergradly.
Major · Languages & Linguistics

Bridging two languages, two cultures, one conversation

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation prepares you to interpret between American Sign Language and English in classrooms, hospitals, courtrooms, and video relay services. The degree builds linguistic and cultural fluency, but employability hinges on post-graduation certification. About 793 students complete the program each year across roughly 125 colleges.

Schools offering
125
Annual completions
793
Typical degree level
Associate's + Bachelor's
Median earnings (5yr)
$44k

About this major

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation prepares you to function as a simultaneous interpreter between American Sign Language and English. Coursework moves through ASL grammar and discourse, Deaf culture and history, English-ASL translation theory, ethics under the RID Code of Professional Conduct, and recorded interpreting labs where students review their own voice-to-sign and sign-to-voice work. Most programs require supervised practica in schools, community settings, or video relay agencies before graduation.

The major rewards a particular kind of thinking. You need linguistic agility to render meaning rather than words, cultural fluency in a community where Deafness is identity rather than impairment, and the composure to interpret high-stakes content live. Strong candidates often come in with prior ASL exposure, comfort performing in front of others, and an interest in the way languages encode different worldviews.

The scale here is small but stable. Roughly 793 students complete the program each year across about 125 colleges, with associate’s and bachelor’s tracks roughly balanced — community colleges like Tarrant County, Houston, and San Antonio sit alongside four-year programs at William Woods University, Rochester Institute of Technology, and Western Oregon University. The single tracked occupation is Interpreters and Translators at a median wage of $59,440, with 1.7% projected growth pointing to slow but positive demand. The five-year median earnings of $44,256 reflects a workforce in which many graduates are still building toward RID NIC certification, after which legal, medical, and conference rates climb substantially.

Section 3 · Careers

Where this major leads

Occupations most often associated with this major, from the federal BLS+O*NET crosswalk. Job-growth projections and median wages are national.

Occupation Median wage Job growth Typical education
Interpreters and translators $59k +1.7% Bachelor's degree
Section 4 · Earnings

Earnings at a glance

Median graduate earnings from the federal College Scorecard, 5 and 10 years out.

Median 5-year earnings

$44k

Associate's vs Bachelor's — early-career earnings

Associate's

$39k

Bachelor's

$46k

Who this major is for

You may thrive here if you already have meaningful ASL exposure or prior contact with the Deaf community and want to build on it formally, if you are comfortable performing live and being recorded for instructor review, if you find satisfaction in cultural mediation rather than translation as a mechanical task, if you can sustain the two-to-five-year post-degree path toward RID NIC or BEI certification, and if working across K-12 schools, hospitals, courts, and video relay agencies sounds like the kind of varied caseload you want.

Think twice if you are looking for a high-ceiling earnings major straight out of the gate — the five-year median of $44,256 reflects the pre-certification reality, and the higher rates require credentials that take years to earn. Reconsider if you treat ASL as a language to learn rather than a community to enter, since Deaf clients and colleagues will read cultural fluency quickly. Reconsider if the 1.7% projected growth feels too slow for your timeline, or if you would prefer a theoretical linguistics path — the related Linguistics major (CIP 16.0102) at 1,672 annual completions is the better fit for research-oriented students.

Section 6 · Where to study

Top colleges for Sign Language Interpretation and Translation

Ranked by annual completions at the associate's or bachelor's level — a proxy for program scale.

College Location Assoc. Bach. Total
William Woods University Fulton, MO 0 36 36
Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY 0 31 31
Western Oregon University Monmouth, OR 0 28 28
Tarrant County College District Fort Worth, TX 24 0 24
Houston Community College Houston, TX 22 0 22
University of Northern Colorado Greeley, CO 0 20 20
University of North Florida Jacksonville, FL 0 19 19
San Antonio College San Antonio, TX 18 0 18
Southwestern Illinois College Belleville, IL 17 0 17
Mt San Antonio College Walnut, CA 16 0 16
Section 9 · Frequently asked

Common questions

What do Sign Language Interpretation and Translation majors actually study day-to-day?
Coursework spans American Sign Language fluency, Deaf culture and history, English-ASL translation theory, and live interpreting practica. You spend significant time in interpreting labs working from voice-to-sign and sign-to-voice, often recorded for self-review. Many programs also require supervised field placements in K-12 schools, community settings, or video relay agencies before graduation.
Do I need a bachelor’s, or is an associate’s enough to work as an interpreter?
The data shows associate’s holders earning around $38,927 and bachelor’s holders around $45,856 five years out, a roughly $7,000 gap. More important than the degree level is the credential that follows it: most paid interpreting work in legal, medical, and conference settings requires the RID National Interpreter Certification or a state-equivalent credential. An associate’s can get you started in entry-level community or educational interpreting, while the bachelor’s aligns better with national certification eligibility.
What kinds of jobs do graduates actually land?
The single tracked occupation is Interpreters and Translators with a median wage of $59,440 and modest 1.7% projected growth. Real-world destinations include K-12 educational interpreters (often requiring the EIPA assessment), staff interpreters at universities and disability service offices, video relay service operators at agencies like Sorenson, Purple, or ZVRS, and freelance contracts with hospitals, courts, and conference organizers. Texas graduates often pursue the BEI credential instead of or alongside RID NIC.
What certifications do I need after graduation, and how long do they take?
The RID National Interpreter Certification is the most widely recognized credential, typically requiring two to five years of post-degree practicum, mentorship, and exam preparation. Texas uses the Board for Evaluation of Interpreters (BEI) credential, K-12 settings often require the Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment (EIPA), and Deaf interpreters pursue the CDI. Without certification, you are usually limited to lower-paying community interpreting around $25-40 per hour; with it, legal and medical rates can reach $50-90 per hour.
Will AI replace sign language interpreters?
AI signing avatars exist, but quality remains low for anything beyond scripted announcements. Live interpreting in legal, medical, and educational settings is not currently displaceable because the work requires real-time cultural mediation, ethical judgment, and ASL’s three-dimensional grammar. The 1.7% projected growth is slow but positive, and human interpreters remain the standard wherever stakes or complexity are meaningful.
How is this different from an American Sign Language major or general Linguistics?
American Sign Language (CIP 16.1601, 433 completions) tilts toward language acquisition and Deaf studies without the explicit interpreting practicum focus. Linguistics (CIP 16.0102, 1,672 completions) is theoretical and oriented toward graduate study or research, not interpreting work. This major (CIP 16.1603) is the applied, vocational track aimed specifically at certification-eligible interpreting careers.