undergradly.
Major · Health Professions

Run the tests behind every diagnosis

Clinical Laboratory Science prepares you to perform and interpret the lab work that drives medical decisions — hematology, microbiology, immunohematology, clinical chemistry. The bachelor’s-level Medical Laboratory Scientist credential opens hospital and reference-lab roles with a clear pay step above the associate’s technician track.

Schools offering
299
Annual completions
3,097
Typical degree level
Associate's + Bachelor's
Median earnings (5yr)
$70k

About this major

Clinical Laboratory Science (CIP 51.1005), often listed as Medical Technology or Medical Technologist, is a bachelor’s-level allied-health major focused on the laboratory side of patient care. Coursework runs through hematology, clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunology, immunohematology, and molecular diagnostics, paired with quality assurance, instrumentation, and laboratory management. A clinical practicum at a hospital or reference lab is built into nearly every accredited program.

Graduates typically sit for the ASCP Board of Certification MLS exam to become a Medical Laboratory Scientist. That credential is what hospital and reference labs look for on the bench — running blood gases, typing units before transfusion, identifying bacterial isolates, validating molecular assays. The major is a strong fit for students who want a science-heavy degree with a defined certification finish line and a hospital-based career, but who don’t want the patient-contact intensity of nursing or the timeline of medical school.

The data packet shows roughly 299 colleges awarding credentials in this CIP family with about 3,097 completions per year. Bachelor’s graduates earn around $78K at five years out versus about $57K for associate’s graduates in the same CIP — a real premium tied to the higher-complexity testing MLS-level scientists are credentialed to perform versus what associate’s-level technicians handle under supervision.

Section 3 · Careers

Where this major leads

Occupations most often associated with this major, from the federal BLS+O*NET crosswalk. Job-growth projections and median wages are national.

Occupation Median wage Job growth Typical education
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary $106k +17.3% Doctoral or professional degree
Section 4 · Earnings

Earnings at a glance

Median graduate earnings from the federal College Scorecard, 5 and 10 years out.

Median 5-year earnings

$70k

Associate's vs Bachelor's — early-career earnings

Associate's

$57k

Bachelor's

$78k

Who this major is for

The students who do well here usually land somewhere specific in their interests. They like wet-lab work, careful procedure, and the puzzle of figuring out what a result means before signing it out. They want a healthcare career without bedside patient contact as the daily core, and they like that the path has a defined credential — a NAACLS-accredited bachelor’s plus the ASCP MLS exam — rather than an open-ended graduate timeline. Steady hospital demand, documented workforce shortages, and the bachelor’s-vs-associate’s pay gap of roughly $20K in the packet make this a sensible undergraduate finish line for that profile.

The profile that struggles tends to look different. If hands-on lab labs feel tedious rather than absorbing, the curriculum will grind. If patient interaction is what draws you to healthcare, nursing or a related clinical role fits better — MLS work is mostly behind the bench. The associate’s-level MLT track (CIP 51.1004) is also a faster, cheaper route into the same general field; if cost and time-to-work matter more than scope and ceiling, that’s worth comparing seriously before committing to four years.

Section 6 · Where to study

Top colleges for Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist

Ranked by annual completions at the associate's or bachelor's level — a proxy for program scale.

College Location Assoc. Bach. Total
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 0 345 345
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus Cincinnati, OH 0 156 156
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI 0 112 112
Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 0 71 71
Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem, NC 0 58 58
University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND 0 54 54
California State University-Dominguez Hills Carson, CA 0 54 54
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX 0 48 48
Austin Peay State University Clarksville, TN 0 47 47
University of West Florida Pensacola, FL 0 47 47
Section 9 · Frequently asked

Common questions

Is this the same as a Medical Laboratory Technician (MLT) program?
No. Medical Laboratory Technician is the associate’s-level credential (CIP 51.1004) and works at a more limited scope under supervision. Clinical Laboratory Science / Medical Technology (CIP 51.1005) is the bachelor’s-level Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) track, which handles higher-complexity testing and typically pays more. The dataset covers the technician major separately.
What certification do graduates pursue?
Most graduates from a NAACLS-accredited bachelor’s program sit for the ASCP Board of Certification’s MLS exam. Passing earns the MLS, ASCP credential that hospitals and reference labs commonly require for benchwork on patient specimens. Some states (California, New York, others) also require state licensure on top of national certification.
What does the earnings split between associate’s and bachelor’s look like?
The data packet shows a roughly $20K gap: associate’s graduates in this CIP family earn about $57K at five years, while bachelor’s graduates earn about $78K. That premium reflects the wider scope MLS-level scientists work at — molecular diagnostics, blood bank, clinical chemistry — versus the supervised testing MLTs handle.
How big is the program, and where is it concentrated?
About 299 colleges award credentials in this CIP, with around 3,097 completions per year nationally. The largest single producer is the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (345 bachelor’s completions), followed by University of Cincinnati and University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Most programs sit at academic medical centers or universities with hospital partners.
What specialty paths exist after the bachelor’s?
Common specialty tracks include blood bank/immunohematology (SBB), microbiology (SM), clinical chemistry (SC), molecular pathology (MB), and hematology (SH). Each has its own ASCP specialist exam, usually pursued after a couple of years of bench experience, and tends to lift pay above the generalist MLS baseline.
Is the job outlook stable given lab automation?
Workforce shortages have been documented across hospital labs for years, and an aging population keeps testing volume rising. Automation is reshaping benchwork — instruments handle more routine runs — but interpretation, troubleshooting, validation, and quality control still require certified scientists. Demand at the bachelor’s level remains steady.